Department of Taxation and Finance

Instructions for Form IT-196 New York Resident, Nonresident, and Part-Year Resident Itemized Deductions

IT-196-I

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General information

Beginning with tax year 2018, you can choose to itemize your deductions for New York State income tax purposes whether or not you itemized your deductions on your federal income tax return. For more information, see Itemized deductions or visit www.tax.ny.gov (search: itemized).

To calculate your New York State itemized deduction, complete Form IT-196. If you take the larger of your New York State itemized or standard deductions, in most cases your New York State and New York City income tax will be less.

If you itemize, you can deduct a part of your medical and dental expenses, unreimbursed employee business expenses, and amounts you paid for certain taxes, interest, contributions, and miscellaneous expenses. You can also deduct certain casualty and theft losses.

However, you cannot claim an itemized deduction for items you deducted on these federal schedules:

• Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship);
• Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss; or
• Schedule F, Profit or Loss From Farming.

If you filed a 2024 federal Schedule A, Itemized Deductions, with your federal income tax return, you may be able to use certain amounts from your Schedule A when you complete Form IT-196.

If you did not itemize deductions on your federal income tax return, you may need to calculate certain deductions as if you had, using a 2024 federal Schedule A and its instructions.

New York State itemized deduction calculations may be different from the federal itemized deduction calculations or limitations for the current tax year. For more information, see Itemized deductions, or visit www.tax.ny.gov (search: deductions).

Married filing separate returns

If you and your spouse paid expenses jointly and are filing separate New York State income tax returns for 2024, see Table 1, New York State itemized deductions on separate New York State income tax returns, below, to calculate the portion of joint expenses you can claim as an itemized deduction.

If you are married and filing separate New York State income tax returns, both of you must take the standard deduction unless both of you elect to itemize deductions on your New York State returns.

Specific instructions

If you need help contacting the Tax Department or for the Privacy notification, see the instructions for your tax return.

Medical and dental expenses

Line 1

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for medical and dental expenses on your federal income tax return, enter the amount from federal Schedule A, line 1.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for medical and dental expenses on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 1 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A.

Line 2

Form IT-203 filers: Enter the amount from Form IT-203, line 19, Federal amount column.

Taxes you paid

For federal income tax purposes, the deduction for state and local taxes is generally limited to $10,000 ($5,000 if married filing separately). In addition, you can no longer claim a federal deduction for foreign taxes you paid on real estate.

Your New York State itemized deduction for state and local taxes you paid is not subject to this federal limit and you can deduct foreign taxes paid on real estate.

Lines 5 through 7

If, on your federal income tax return, you claimed an itemized deduction for state and local taxes you paid, enter the applicable amounts from federal Schedule A, lines 5a, 5b, and 5c.

If you claimed any property tax credit for New York State income tax purposes or received any rebate check for property taxes paid, you do not need to do anything on your New York State income tax return unless you itemize your deductions. If so, you must reduce the amount of real estate taxes reported on line 6 by the total amount of credit claimed and rebate received. For more information, see Learn how to report your credit.

Line 8

On line 8, enter foreign real estate taxes you paid on real estate you own that was not used for business, but only if the taxes are assessed uniformly at a comparable rate on all real property throughout the community and the proceeds are used for general community or governmental purposes. If you claimed an itemized deduction for other taxes you paid on your federal income tax return, include the amount from federal Schedule A, line 6.

If you did not claim an itemized deduction for taxes you paid on your federal income tax return, calculate the amounts to enter on lines 5 through 8 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2017 instructions for federal Schedule A. For more information, see the 2017 federal Schedule A instructions, on Itemized deductions.

Interest you paid

For federal income tax purposes, the itemized deduction rules for the interest you paid have changed from what was allowed as a deduction for tax year 2017. Your New York itemized deduction for the total interest you paid on line 15 is calculated using the federal rules that applied to tax year 2017.

Home mortgage interest

A home mortgage is any loan that is secured by your main home or second home. It includes first and second mortgages, home equity loans, and refinanced mortgages.

A home can be a house, condominium, cooperative, mobile home, boat, or similar property. It must provide basic living accommodations including sleeping space, toilet, and cooking facilities.

Limit on home mortgage interest

If you took out any mortgages after October 13, 1987, your deduction may be limited. If you borrowed any additional amounts after October 13, 1987, on a line-of-credit mortgage you had on that date, see Refinanced mortgages below.

For information on calculating your New York itemized deduction if either of the following applies, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Schedule A instructions. If you had more than one home at the same time, the dollar amounts below apply to the total mortgages on both homes.

• You, or your spouse if filing jointly, took out any mortgages after October 13, 1987, and used the proceeds for purposes other than to buy, build, or improve your home, and all of these mortgages totaled over $100,000 at any time during 2024. The limit is $50,000 if married filing separately. An example of this type of mortgage is a home equity loan used to pay off credit card bills, buy a car, or pay tuition.
• You, or your spouse if filing jointly, took out any mortgages after October 13, 1987, and used the proceeds to buy, build, or improve your home, and these mortgages plus any mortgages you took out on or before October 13, 1987, totaled over $1 million at any time during 2024. The limit is $500,000 if married filing separately.

If the total amount of all mortgages is more than the fair market value (FMV) of the home, additional limits apply.

Refinanced mortgages

If you refinanced a mortgage you had on October 13, 1987, treat the new mortgage as taken out on or before October 13, 1987. However, if you refinanced for more than the balance of the old mortgage, treat only the excess as a mortgage taken out after October 13, 1987.

For more information, see Itemized deductions and review 2017 IRS Publication 936, Home Mortgage Interest Deduction.

Line 10

On line 10, enter mortgage interest and points reported to you on federal Form 1098, Mortgage Interest Statement.

• Home mortgage interest limited: If your home mortgage interest deduction is limited, you may only enter on line 10 the deductible mortgage interest and points that were reported to you on federal Form 1098. For more information about when your deduction is limited, see Limit on home mortgage interest.
• Refund of overpaid interest: If your federal Form 1098 shows any refund of overpaid interest, do not reduce your deduction by the amount of the refund. Instead, see Itemized deductions and review 2024 IRS Publication 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income.
• Interest reported on someone else’s federal Form 1098: If you and at least one other person (other than your spouse if filing jointly) were liable for and paid interest on the mortgage, and the interest was reported on the other person’s federal Form 1098, report your share of the interest on line 11 (see Line 11 instructions).
• Federal Form 1098 does not show all interest paid: If you paid more interest to the recipient than is shown on Form 1098, show the larger deductible amount on line 10 and keep an explanation of the difference with your tax records.

Line 11

If you paid home mortgage interest to a recipient who did not provide you with a federal Form 1098, report your deductible mortgage interest on line 11.

• Seller-financed mortgage: If you paid home mortgage interest to the person who sold you the home and that person did not provide you with a federal Form 1098, write that person’s name, identifying number, and address on the lines next to line 11. If the recipient of your home mortgage payments is an individual, the identifying number is the recipient’s Social Security number (SSN). Otherwise, it is the employer identification number (EIN). You must also provide your SSN to the recipient.
• Interest reported on someone else’s federal Form 1098: If you and at least one other person (other than your spouse, if filing jointly) were liable for and paid interest on the mortgage, and the home mortgage interest paid was reported on the other person’s federal Form 1098, identify the name and address of the person or persons who received a federal Form 1098 reporting the interest you paid.

Line 12

Points not reported on federal Form 1098

Points are shown on your settlement statement. Points you paid only to borrow money are generally deductible over the life of the loan. Points paid for other purposes, such as for a lender’s services, are not deductible. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Schedule A instructions.

Refinancing: Generally, you must deduct points you paid to refinance a mortgage over the life of the loan. This is true even if the new mortgage is secured by your main home. If you used part of the proceeds to improve your main home, you may be able to deduct the part of the points related to the improvement in the year paid.

Line 14: Investment interest

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for investment interest on your federal income tax return, enter the amount from federal Schedule A, line 9.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for investment interest on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 14 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A, line 9.

Gifts to charity

Line 16

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for gifts to charity by cash or check on your federal income tax return, enter the amount from federal Schedule A, line 11.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for gifts to charity on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 16 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A.

Line 16a

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for gifts to charity by cash or check on your federal income tax return, enter the amount of any contributions, included in the total amount reported on federal Schedule A, line 11, that you elected to treat as qualified contributions.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for gifts to charity on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 16a of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A.

The amount reported on line 16a cannot be greater than the amount reported on line 16.

Line 17

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for gifts to charity other than by cash or check on your federal income tax return, enter the amount from federal Schedule A, line 12.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for gifts to charity on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 17 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A.

You may not use the same qualified donation to a food pantry to claim both a charitable contribution itemized deduction and a farm donation to food pantries credit (see Form IT-649, Farm Donations to Food Pantries Credit) for New York income tax purposes.

Line 18

• If you claimed an itemized deduction for gifts to charity on your federal income tax return and have a carryover from a prior year, enter the amount from federal Schedule A, line 13.
• If you did not claim an itemized deduction for gifts to charity on your federal income tax return, calculate the amount to enter on line 18 of Form IT-196 as if you had, using the 2024 instructions for federal Schedule A.

Casualty and theft losses

For federal income tax purposes, you are no longer allowed an itemized deduction for a casualty or theft loss unless it is the result of a federally declared disaster. Do not enter amounts of any federal qualified disaster losses on line 20. Instead, see the instructions for line 37.

Qualified disaster losses are personal casualty losses sustained as a result of federally declared disasters: Hurricane Harvey or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria.

Line 20: Casualty or theft loss(es)

Your New York itemized deduction for casualty and theft losses is calculated using the federal rules that applied to tax year 2017.

To calculate the amount of your casualty and theft loss, complete Section A of the Casualty and theft worksheet. Only enter the amount from line 18 of the worksheet on line 20 of Form IT-196.

You may be able to deduct part or all of each loss caused by theft, vandalism, fire, storm, or similar causes; car, boat, and other accidents; and corrosive drywall. You may also be able to deduct money you had in a financial institution but lost because of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the institution.

You can deduct personal casualty or theft losses only to the extent that:

1. the amount of each separate casualty or theft loss is more than $100, and
2. the total amount of all losses during the year (reduced by the $100 limit in number 1 above) is more than 10% of the amount on Form IT-201, line 19 or IT-203, line 19 (Federal amount column).

Corrosive drywall losses

If you paid for repairs to your personal residence or household appliances because of corrosive drywall, you may be able to deduct the amounts you paid. See Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547, Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts. In the instructions on page 3 of 2017 IRS Publication 547, substitute Casualty and Theft Worksheet for Special instructions for completing Form 4684 to calculate the amount of your New York deduction.

To deduct the costs of proving that you had a property loss, use Form IT-196, line 24. Examples of these costs are appraisal fees and photographs used to establish the amount of your loss.

Casualty and theft worksheets

Which sections to complete

There are three worksheets to complete for casualty and theft losses:

• Section A: Personal use property
• Section B: Business and income-producing property
• Section C: Theft loss deduction for Ponzi-type investment scheme using the procedures in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20

Complete Section A to compute casualty or theft gains and losses for property that is not used in a trade or business or for income-producing purposes. Also complete Section A to compute casualty or theft losses and gains related to the portion of your home used for business if you used the federal simplified method to determine your deductible expenses for business use of your home.

Complete Section B to compute casualty or theft losses and gains for property that is used in a trade or business or for income-producing purposes.

If property is used partly in a trade or business and partly for personal purposes, such as a personal home with a rental unit, compute the personal part in Section A and the business part in Section B.

Complete Section C to compute a theft loss deduction from a Ponzi-type investment scheme if you qualify to use IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, as modified by IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58, and choose to follow the procedures in the guidance.

Complete this worksheet to calculate the amount of your casualty and theft losses to enter on Form IT-196:

• line 20, Casualty and theft losses, other than a federal qualified disaster loss,
• line 24, Other expenses,
• line 30, Casualty and theft losses of income-producing property, and
• line 37, Federal qualified disaster loss.

Section A: Personal use property

(To report casualties and thefts of property not used in a trade or business or for income-producing purposes, complete this section.)

1 Description of properties (show type, location, and date acquired for each property). For each property lost or damaged from the same casualty or theft, complete a separate line. You must complete a separate worksheet (through line 12) for each casualty or theft event involving personal use property.

Property A 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property B 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property C 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property D 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Section B: Business and income-producing property

19 Description of properties (show type, location, and date acquired for each property). Complete a separate line for each property lost or damaged from the same casualty or theft. If claiming a loss due to a Ponzi-type investment scheme and Section C is not completed, see instructions.

Property A 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property B 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property C 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Property D 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Enter the amount from income-producing property on Form IT-196, line 30

Enter the amount from property used as an employee on Form IT-196, line 24

Section C: Theft loss deduction for Ponzi-type investment scheme using the procedures in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20

Part 1: Computation of deduction

Part 2: Required statements and declarations (see instructions)

• I am claiming a theft loss deduction pursuant to IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20 from a specified fraudulent arrangement conducted by the following individual or entity:

Name of individual or entity __________________________________________________________________________

Taxpayer identification number (if known) ________________________________________________________________

Address __________________________________________________________________________________________

• • I have written documentation to support the amounts reported in Section C, Part 1.
  • I am a qualified investor as defined in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, § 4.03.
• If I have determined the amount of my theft loss deduction using 0.95 on line 35 above, I declare that I have not pursued and do not intend to pursue any potential third-party recovery, as that term is defined in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, § 4.10.
• I agree to comply with the conditions and agreements set forth in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20 and Section C.

• • If I have already filed a return or amended return that does not satisfy the conditions in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, § 6.02.
  • I agree to all adjustments or actions that are necessary to comply with those conditions. The tax years for which I filed the returns or amended returns and the dates on which they were filed are as follows:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Casualty and theft worksheet instructions

Instructions for Section A: Personal use property

To show each item lost or damaged from a single casualty or theft described on line 1, complete a separate column for lines 2 through 9. If more than four items were lost or damaged, submit additional sheets following the format of lines 1 through 9.

For each casualty or theft involving property not used in a trade or business or for income-producing purposes, complete a separate worksheet through line 12.

Do not include any loss previously deducted on an estate tax return.

If you are liable for casualty or theft losses to property you lease from someone else, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547.

Line 1: Describe the type of property (for example, furniture, jewelry, car, and so on).

Line 2: Cost or other basis usually means original cost plus improvements. Subtract any postponed gain from the sale of a previous main home. Special rules apply to property received as a gift or inheritance. See Itemized deductions and review the IRS Publication 551, Basis of Assets. If you inherited the property from someone who died in 2010 and the executor of the decedent’s estate made the election to file federal Form 8939, Allocation of Increase in Basis for Property Acquired From a Decedent, refer to the information provided by the executor or see Itemized deductions and review IRS Publication 4895, Tax Treatment of Property Acquired From a Decedent Dying in 2010.

Reimbursement

Line 3

Enter the amount of insurance or other reimbursement you received or expect to receive for each property. Include your insurance coverage whether or not you are filing a claim for reimbursement.

Example: Your car worth $2,000 is totally destroyed in a collision. You are insured with a $500 deductible but decide not to report it to your insurance company because you are afraid the insurance company will cancel your policy. In this example, enter $1,500.

If you expect to be reimbursed but have not yet received payment, you must still enter the expected reimbursement from the loss. If, in a later tax year, you determine with reasonable certainty that you will not be reimbursed for all or part of the loss, you can deduct for that year the amount of the loss that is not reimbursed.

Types of reimbursements: Insurance is the most common way to be reimbursed for a casualty or theft loss, but if:

• the person who leases your property must make repairs or must repay you for any part of a loss, the repayment and the cost of the repairs are considered reimbursements.
• a court awards you damages for a casualty or theft loss, the amount you can collect, minus lawyers’ fees and other necessary expenses, is a reimbursement.
• you accept repairs, restoration, or cleanup services provided by relief agencies, it is considered a reimbursement.
• a bonding company pays you for a theft loss, the payment also is considered a reimbursement.

Lump-sum reimbursement: If you have a casualty or theft loss of several assets at the same time and you receive a lump-sum reimbursement, you must divide the amount you receive among the assets according to the FMV of each asset at the time of the loss.

Grants, gifts, and other payments: Grants and other payments you receive to help you after a casualty are considered reimbursements only if they must be used specifically to repair or replace your property. Such payments will reduce your casualty loss deduction. If there are no conditions on how you must use the money you receive, it is not a reimbursement.

Use and occupancy insurance: If insurance reimburses you for your loss of business income, it does not reduce your casualty or theft loss. The reimbursement is income and is taxed in the same manner as your business income.

Main home destroyed: If you have a gain because your main home was destroyed, you generally can exclude the gain from your income as if you had sold or exchanged your home. You may be able to exclude up to $250,000 of the gain (up to $500,000 if married filing jointly). To exclude a gain, you generally must have owned and lived in the property as your main home for at least two years during the five-year period ending on the date it was destroyed. For information on this exclusion, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 523, Selling Your Home.

If you exclude the gain and the entire gain is excludable, do not calculate the casualty on the Casualty and theft worksheet. If the gain is more than you can exclude, reduce the insurance or other reimbursement by the amount of the exclusion and enter the result on line 3. In your tax records, keep a statement showing the full amount of insurance or other reimbursement and the amount of the exclusion. You may be able to postpone reporting the excess gain if you buy replacement property. See Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547.

Line 4

If you are entitled to an insurance payment or other reimbursement for any part of a casualty or theft loss but you choose not to file a claim for the loss, you cannot realize a gain from that payment or reimbursement.

Therefore, calculate the gain on line 4 by subtracting your cost or other basis in the property (line 2) only from the amount of reimbursement you actually received. Enter the result on line 4; do not enter less than zero.

If you filed a claim for reimbursement but did not receive it until after the year of the casualty or theft, include the gain in your income in the year you received the reimbursement.

Lines 5 and 6

Fair market value (FMV) is the price at which the property would be sold between a willing buyer and a willing seller, each having knowledge of the relevant facts. The difference between the FMV immediately before the casualty or theft and the FMV immediately after represents the decrease in FMV because of the casualty or theft.

The FMV of property after a theft is zero if the property is not recovered.

FMV is generally determined by a competent appraisal. The appraiser’s knowledge of sales of comparable property about the same time as the casualty or theft, knowledge of your property before and after the occurrence, and the methods of determining FMV are important elements in proving your loss.

The appraised value of property immediately after the casualty must be adjusted (increased) for the effects of any general market decline that may occur at the same time as the casualty or theft.

Example: The value of all nearby property may become depressed because it is in an area where such occurrences are commonplace. This general decline in market value is not part of the property’s decrease in FMV as a result of the casualty or theft.

Replacement cost or the cost of repairs is not necessarily FMV. However, you may be able to use the cost of repairs to the damaged property as evidence of loss in value if the:

• repairs are actually made,
• repairs are necessary to restore the property to the condition it was in immediately before the casualty,
• amount spent for repairs isn’t excessive,
• repairs only correct the damage caused by the casualty, and
• the value of the property after the repairs is not, as a result of the repairs, more than the value of the property immediately before the casualty.

To calculate a casualty loss to real estate not used in a trade, business, or for income-producing purposes, measure the decrease in value of the property as a whole. All improvements, such as buildings, trees, and shrubs, are considered together as one item. Calculate the loss separately for other items, for example, each piece of furniture lost.

Safe harbor methods and reporting requirements: The IRS provides guidance on safe harbor methods for determining casualty and theft losses. If you use one of the safe harbor methods provided in an IRS Revenue Procedure, keep in your records a detailed statement specifying which IRS Revenue Procedure you used to determine the amount of your casualty loss. When completing this worksheet, do not enter an amount on line 5 or line 6 for each property. Instead, enter the decrease in the FMV determined in the relevant safe harbor method on line 7.

Line 11

If the amount on line 10 is from a 2017 qualified disaster loss from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria, follow the instructions below.

If you have a loss from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria on line 10, add the amounts on line 4 of all your casualty and theft worksheets.

• If the amount on line 10 is larger than the sum of all line 4 amounts, substitute $500 for the line 11 amount on the worksheet for the federally declared disaster loss from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria.
• If the amount on line 10 is smaller than the total of all line 4 amounts, enter $100 and complete the remainder of the worksheet as if you have no 2017 disaster losses from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria subject to the $500 reduction.

Line 15

• If line 14 is more than line 13, you have a net gain. You must report any gain as income (to the extent not already included as income on your federal Schedule D, Gains and Losses), on your New York State income tax return. See Form IT-225, New York State Modifications, and its instructions.
• If line 14 is less than line 13, and you have:
  • no disaster losses from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria that are subject to the $500 reduction on line 11 on any casualty and theft worksheet, enter 0 here and go to line 16.
  • disaster losses from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria that are subject to the $500 reduction, subtract line 14 from line 12 of the casualty and theft worksheets reporting those disaster losses. The difference is your net disaster loss. Enter this amount on line 15 and on Form IT-196, line 37.

If all of your personal casualty and theft losses are disaster losses subject to the $500 reduction, stop here. Do not complete the rest of the worksheet.

Line 17: Estates and trusts compute federal AGI the same way as individuals, except that the costs of administration are allowed in computing federal AGI.

Section B: Business and income-producing property

To show each item lost or damaged from a single casualty or theft described on line 19, complete a separate column, lines 20 through 27, If more than four items were lost or damaged, complete additional worksheets following the format of lines 19 through 27.

For each casualty or theft involving property used in a trade or business or for income-producing purposes, complete a separate Casualty and theft worksheet. Complete one worksheet Section B, to combine all Sections B. For details on the treatment of casualties or thefts to business or income-producing property, including rules on the loss of inventory through casualty or theft, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547.

Home used for business or rented

If you had a casualty or theft loss involving a home you used for business or rented out, your deductible loss may be limited. First, complete Section B, lines 19 through 26.

• If the loss involved a home used for a business and you are filing federal Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business, with your federal income tax return, you must calculate your 2024 New York itemized deduction for casualty or theft loss using a 2017 federal Form 8829, Expenses for Business Use of Your Home and instructions (see Itemized deductions to review the form). Enter on line 27 the deductible loss from the 2017 federal Form 8829, line 34.

Do not file the 2017 federal Form 8829 with your federal income tax return, keep it with your 2024 New York State income tax records.

• For a home you rented out or used for a business for which you are not filing federal Schedule C with your federal income tax return, see IRC § 280A(c)(5) to calculate your deductible loss. For your records, keep a statement showing how you calculated the deductible loss; enter that amount on line 27.

Note: If you used the federal simplified method to determine your deductible expenses for business use of your home for 2024, calculate the casualty or theft loss for the home office in Section A instead of in Section B.

Property used in a passive activity

When you determine the loss from a passive activity, do not take into account a gain or loss from a casualty or theft of property used in a passive activity, unless losses similar in cause and severity recur regularly in the activity. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Form 8582, Passive Activity Loss Limitations.

Losses from Ponzi-type investment schemes

The IRS has issued guidance to assist taxpayers who are victims of losses from Ponzi-type investment schemes.

If you qualify to use IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, as modified by IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58, and choose to follow the procedures in the guidance, first fill out Section C to determine the amount to enter on Section B, line 28. Skip lines 19 through 27.

Section C replaces Appendix A in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20. You do not need to complete Appendix A.

For more information, see the instructions for Section C and the above revenue ruling and revenue procedures.

If you choose not to use the procedures in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, you may claim your theft loss by filling out Section B, lines 19 through 28, as appropriate.

IRC § 179 property of a partnership or S corporation

Partners and S corporation shareholders who receive a federal Schedule K-1 reporting a casualty or theft involving property for which the IRC § 179 expense deduction was previously claimed and passed through to the partners or shareholders must use the worksheet below to calculate the adjusted basis of the property (line 20 amount).

Line 19: If you are claiming a loss from a fraudulent investment arrangement and you are not filling out Section C, you must enter the name, taxpayer identification number (if known), and address (if known) of the individual or entity that conducted the fraudulent arrangement. Complete the rest of Section B.

Line 20: Cost or adjusted basis usually means original cost plus improvements, minus depreciation allowed or allowable (including any IRC § 179 expense deduction), amortization, depletion, and so on. Special rules apply to property received as a gift or inheritance. See Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547. If you inherited the property from someone who died in 2010 and the executor of the decedent’s estate made the election to file federal Form 8939, refer to the information provided by the executor or see Itemized deductions and review IRS Publication 4895.

Partners and S corporation shareholders to calculate adjusted basis of IRC § 179 property worksheet
(Keep for your records)

Lines 23 and 24: For details on determining FMV, see the instructions for lines 5 and 6.

Loss on each item calculated separately: Unlike a casualty loss to personal use real estate in which all improvements are considered one item, a casualty loss to business or income-producing property must be calculated separately for each item. For example, if casualty damage occurs to both a building and to trees on the same piece of real estate, measure the loss separately for the building and for the trees.

Section C: Theft loss deduction for Ponzi-type investment scheme using the procedures in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20

If you claim a theft loss deduction for a Ponzi-type investment scheme, and you meet both of the following conditions, fill out Section C in lieu of Appendix A in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20:

• You qualify to use IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, as modified by IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58.
• You choose to follow the procedures in the IRS guidance.

For more information about claiming a theft loss deduction from a Ponzi-type investment scheme, see Itemized deductions to review the following guidance:

• IRS Revenue Ruling 2009-9, 2009-14 Internal Revenue Bulletin 735
• IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20, 2009-14 Internal Revenue Bulletin 749
• IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58, 2011-50 Internal Revenue Bulletin 849

Part 1: Computation of deduction

Line 29: Enter the initial amount of cash or basis of property that you invested in the investment arrangement. Do not include any of the following on this line, line 30, or line 31:

• amounts borrowed from the responsible group and invested in the specified fraudulent arrangement, to the extent the borrowed amounts were not repaid at the time the theft was discovered
• amounts such as fees that were paid to the responsible group and deducted for federal income tax purposes
• amounts reported to you (the qualified investor) as taxable income that were not included in gross income on the investor’s federal income tax returns
• cash or property that you (the qualified investor) invested in a fund or other entity (separate from you (the qualified investor) for federal income tax purposes) that invested in a specified fraudulent arrangement

For definitions of responsible group, specified fraudulent arrangement, and qualified investor, see IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20 § 4.

Line 30: Enter the amount of cash or the basis of property that you invested after you made the initial investment (including amounts reinvested).

Line 31: Enter the total amounts of net income (for example, interest and dividends minus expenses) from the specified fraudulent arrangement that—consistent with information received from that arrangement—you included in income for federal tax purposes for all tax years before the discovery year, including tax years for which a refund is barred by the statute of limitations.

The discovery year is the tax year when one of the following occurs.

• The indictment, information, or complaint described in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20 (as modified by IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58), § 4.02(1) or (2) is filed.
• The complaint or similar document described in IRS Revenue Procedure 2009-20 (as modified by IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-58), § 4.02(3) is filed, or the death of the lead figure occurs, whichever is later.

Line 33: Enter the total amount of cash or property that you withdrew from the investment arrangement in all years (whether designated as income or principal).

Line 34: This is the amount of your investment that is eligible for a deduction before taking into account any actual or potential recoveries.

Line 35

Potential third-party recovery is the amount of all actual or potential claims for recovery, as of the last day of the discovery year, that are not from potential insurance or Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) recovery, or a potential direct recovery.

Potential insurance/SIPC recovery is the total of all actual or potential claims for reimbursement that, as of the last day of the discovery year, are attributable to:

• insurance policies in your name that protect you from this type of loss;
• contractual arrangements, other than insurance, that guaranteed or otherwise protected against this type of loss; or
• amounts payable from SIPC, as advances for customer claims under the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, or by a similar entity under a similar provision.

Potential direct recovery is the amount of all actual or potential claims for recovery, as of the last day of the discovery year, against the responsible individual or group.

Line 37: Enter the amounts you actually received as a reimbursement or recovery from any source. Do not include amounts that are potential direct recoveries or potential third-party recoveries.

Line 40: Enter the amount from line 40 on line 28 of Section B. Do not complete lines 19 through 27 for this same loss.

Part 2: Required statements and declarations 

Read the statements and declarations carefully. Complete the required information in the spaces provided. Do not submit this worksheet with your New York State income tax return; keep it for your tax records. When you sign your tax return you are agreeing to these statements and declarations. The information you enter in this part may be used to verify the fraudulent investment arrangement.

Job expenses and certain miscellaneous deductions

Line 21: Unreimbursed employee expenses

Enter the amount from line 10 of the Unreimbursed employee business expenses worksheet.

Unreimbursed employee business expenses worksheet

Part 1: Employee business expenses and reimbursements

Part 2: Vehicle expenses

Instructions for Unreimbursed employee business expenses worksheet

Part 1: Employee business expenses and reimbursements

Complete Part 1 if you were reimbursed for employee business expenses. If you were not reimbursed for your expenses, complete steps 1 and 3 only.

Do not include on this worksheet either of the following:

• job-related education expenses (If you have job-related education expenses, see the instructions for Form IT-196, line 22)
• educator expenses you deducted as an adjustment to income on your federal income tax return (Form 1040, Schedule 1, line 11)

Step 1: Enter your expenses

Line 1: Enter vehicle expenses from Part 2, Vehicle Expenses, line 22 or line 29.

Rural mail carriers

Rural mail carriers are employees of the United States Postal Service (USPS) who perform services involving the collection and delivery of mail on a rural route.

If you were a rural mail carrier, you can treat the amount of qualified reimbursement you received as the amount of your allowable expense. Because the qualified reimbursement is treated as paid under an accountable plan, your employer should not include the amount of reimbursement in your income.

Qualified reimbursements are the amounts paid by the USPS as an equipment maintenance allowance under a collective bargaining agreement between the USPS and the National Rural Letter Carriers’ Association, but only if such amounts do not exceed the amount that would have been paid under the 1991 collective bargaining agreement (adjusted for changes in the Consumer Price Index since 1991).

If you were a rural mail carrier and your vehicle expenses were:

• less than or equal to your qualified reimbursements, do not complete this worksheet unless you have deductible expenses other than vehicle expenses. If you have deductible expenses other than vehicle expenses, skip line 1 and do not include any qualified reimbursements in column A on line 7.
• more than your qualified reimbursements, first complete Part 2 of this worksheet. Enter your total vehicle expenses from line 29 on line 1 and the amount of your qualified reimbursements in column A, line 7.

If you were a rural mail carrier and received a qualified reimbursement, you cannot use the standard mileage rate.

Line 2: You cannot deduct the expenses of commuting to and from work. See the line 15 instructions for the definition of commuting.

Line 3: Enter lodging and transportation expenses connected with overnight travel away from your tax home. Do not include expenses for meals and entertainment. For more information, including limits, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 463, Travel, Entertainment, Gift, and Car Expenses.

For purposes of this line instruction, tax home means your regular or main place of business or post of duty regardless of where you maintain your family home. If you do not have a regular or main place of business because of the nature of your work, then your tax home may be the place where you regularly live. If you do not have a regular or a main place of business or post of duty and there is no place where you regularly live, you are considered an itinerant (a transient) and your tax home is wherever you work. As an itinerant, you are never away from home and cannot claim a travel expense deduction. For more details on the definition of a tax home, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 463.

Generally, you cannot deduct any expenses for travel away from your tax home for any period of temporary employment of more than one year. However, this one-year rule does not apply for a temporary period in which you were a federal employee certified by the Attorney General (or their designee) as traveling in temporary duty status for the U.S. government to investigate or prosecute a federal crime (or to provide support services for the investigation or prosecution of a federal crime).

Incidental expenses

Incidental expenses means fees and tips given to porters, baggage carriers, hotel staff, and staff on ships.

Incidental expenses do not include the following:

• expenses for laundry, cleaning and pressing of clothing,
• lodging taxes,
• cost of telegrams or telephone calls,
• transportation between places of lodging or business and places where meals are taken, or
• the mailing cost of filing travel vouchers and paying employer-sponsored charge card billings.

You can use an optional method (instead of actual cost) for deducting incidental expenses only. The amount of the deduction is $5 a day. You can use this method only if you did not pay or incur any meal expenses. You cannot use this method on any day you use the standard meal allowance (defined later in the instructions for line 5).

Line 4: Enter other job-related expenses not listed on any other line of this form. For example:

• expenses for business gifts, home office, trade publications, and so on
• home office expenses
• depreciation or an IRC § 179 deduction

For more information and special instructions on these expenses and how to report them, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses.

Note: If you are deducting depreciation or claiming an IRC § 179 deduction, see Itemized deductions and review federal Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization.

Do not include on line 4 any education expenses (for example, tuition, fees, and books). Enter these expenses on Form IT-196, line 22.

If line 4 is your only entry, do not complete this worksheet unless you are claiming:

• performing arts-related business expenses as a qualified performing artist;
• expenses for performing your job as a fee-basis state or local government official; or
• impairment-related work expenses as an individual with a disability.

See the line 10 instructions. If you are not required to complete this worksheet, enter your expenses directly on Form IT-196, line 21.

Line 5: Enter your allowable meals and entertainment expense. Include meals away from your tax home overnight and other business meals and entertainment.

Standard meal allowance is the federal meals and incidental expenses rate. Instead of actual cost, you may be able to claim the standard meal allowance for your daily meals and incidental expenses while away from your tax home overnight. Under this method, instead of keeping records of your actual meal expenses, you deduct a specified amount, depending on where you travel. However, you must still keep records to prove the time, place, and business purpose of your travel.

For most small localities in the United States, the meals and incidental expenses rate is $59 a day. Most major cities and many other localities in the United States qualify for higher rates. To find the rates that applied during 2024:

1. Visit Per Diem Rates or search the U.S General Services Administration website at gsa.gov/perdiem.
2. Select 2024 for the rates in effect for the period January 1, 2024–September 30, 2024.
3. Select Fiscal Year 2025 for the period October 1, 2024–December 31, 2024.

However, you can apply the rates in effect before October 1, 2024, for expenses of all travel within the United States for 2024 instead of the updated rates. For the period October 1, 2024–December 31, 2024, you must consistently use either the rates for the first nine months of 2024 or the updated rates. For locations outside the continental United States, the applicable rates are published each month. Visit Foreign Per Diem Rates or search the Office of Allowances on the U.S. Department of State website at https://aoprals.state.gov.

Step 2: Enter reimbursements received from your employer for expenses listed in Step 1

Line 7: Enter reimbursements received from your employer (or third party) for expenses shown in Step 1 that were not reported to you in box 1 of your federal Form W-2. This includes reimbursements reported under code L in box 12 of federal Form W-2. (Amounts reported under code L are reimbursements you received for business expenses that weren’t included as wages on federal Form W-2 because the expenses met specific IRS substantiation requirements.)

Generally, when your employer pays for your expenses, the payments should not be included in box 1 of your federal Form W-2 if, within a reasonable period of time, you:

• accounted to your employer for the expenses; and
• were required to return, and did return, any payment not spent (or considered not spent) for business expenses.

If these payments were incorrectly included in box 1, ask your employer for a corrected federal Form W-2.

Accounting to your employer means that you gave your employer documentary evidence and an account book, diary, log, statement of expenses, trip sheets, or similar statement to verify the amount, time, place, and business purpose of each expense. You are also treated as having accounted for your expenses if either of the following applies:

• Your employer gave you a fixed travel allowance that is similar in form to the per diem allowance specified by the federal government and you verified the time, place, and business purpose of the travel for that day; or
• Your employer reimbursed you for vehicle expenses at the standard mileage rate or according to a flat rate or stated schedule, and you verified the date of each trip, mileage, and business purpose of the vehicle use.

For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Form 2106.

Reimbursement allocation

If your employer paid you a single amount that covers meals and entertainment as well as other business expenses, you must allocate the reimbursement so that you know how much to enter in column A and column B of line 7. Complete the following worksheet to calculate this allocation.

Reimbursement allocation worksheet

(Keep for your records)

Step 3: Calculate expenses to deduct on Form IT-196

Line 9

Generally, you can deduct only 50% of your business meal and entertainment expenses, including meals incurred while away from home on business. However, if you were an employee subject to the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) hours of service limits, that percentage is increased to 80% for business meals consumed during, or incident to, any period of duty for which those limits are in effect.

Employees subject to the USDOT hours of service limits include certain air transportation employees, such as pilots, crew, dispatchers, mechanics, and control tower operators; interstate truck operators and interstate bus drivers; certain railroad employees, such as engineers, conductors, train crews, dispatchers, and control operations personnel; and certain merchant mariners.

Line 10

If you are one of the individuals discussed below, special rules apply to deducting your employee business expenses.

Enter on Form IT-196, line 21, only the part of the line 10 total that was not already deducted (according to the special rules below) when calculating your federal AGI.

Ministers

Before entering your total expenses on line 10, you must reduce them by the amount allocable to your tax-free allowances. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 517, Social Security and Other Information for Members of the Clergy and Religious Workers.

Armed Forces reservists

An Armed Forces reservist is a member of a reserve component in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard Reserve; the Army National Guard of the United States; the Air National Guard of the United States; or the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service.

If you are a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States and you travel more than 100 miles away from home in connection with your performance of services as a member of the reserves, you may have deducted these travel expenses as a federal adjustment to gross income on your federal income tax return. The deduction is limited to the regular federal per diem rate (for lodging, meals, and incidental expenses) and the standard mileage rate (for car expenses) plus any parking fees, ferry fees, and tolls. Any expenses in excess of the amount you deducted as a federal adjustment to income on your federal Form 1040, Schedule 1, line 12, can be claimed as a New York itemized deduction on Form IT-196, line 21.

For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 federal Form 2106.

Qualified fee-basis state or local government official

A qualified fee-basis state or local government official is an individual employed by a state or political subdivision of a state and is compensated, in whole or in part, on a fee basis.

If you qualify, you can deduct the fees as a federal adjustment to gross income on your federal income tax return. Any expenses in excess of the amount you deducted as a federal adjustment to income on your federal Form 1040, Schedule 1, line 12, can be claimed as a New York itemized deduction on Form IT-196, line 21.

Qualified performing artists

A qualified performing artist is an individual who:

1. performed services in the performing arts as an employee for at least two employers during the tax year;
2. received from at least two of those employers wages of $200 or more per employer;
3. had allowable business expenses attributable to the performing arts of more than 10% of gross income from the performing arts; and
4. had adjusted gross income of $16,000 or less before deducting expenses as a performing artist.

In addition, if you are married, you must file a joint return unless you lived apart from your spouse for all of 2024. If you file a joint return, you must calculate requirements 1), 2), and 3) separately for both you and your spouse. However, requirement 4) applies to the combined adjusted gross income of both you and your spouse.

If you meet all the requirements for a qualified performing artist, you may have deducted the part of line 10 amount attributable to performing-arts-related expenses as a federal adjustment to gross income on your federal income tax return. Any performing-arts-related business expenses in excess of the amount you deducted as a federal adjustment to income on your federal Form 1040, Schedule 1, line 12, can be claimed as a New York itemized deduction on Form IT-196, line 21.

Impairment related work expenses (as an individual with a disability)

Impairment related work expenses (as an individual with a disability) are the allowable expenses of an individual with physical or mental disabilities for attendant care at his or her place of employment. They also include other expenses in connection with the place of employment that enable the employee to work. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 463.

If you qualify, enter the part of the line 10 amount attributable to impairment-related work expenses on Form IT-196, line 36. These expenses are not subject to the 2% limit that applies to most other employee business expenses.

Part 2: Vehicle expenses

There are two methods for calculating vehicle expenses: the standard mileage rate and the actual expense method. You can use the standard mileage rate for 2024 only if:

• you owned the vehicle and used the standard mileage rate for the first year you placed the vehicle in service, or
• you leased the vehicle and are using the standard mileage rate for the entire lease period (except the period, if any, before 1998).

You cannot use actual expenses for a leased vehicle if you previously used the standard mileage rate for that vehicle.

If you have the option of using either the standard mileage rate or actual expense method, you should calculate your expenses both ways to find the method most beneficial to you. When completing this worksheet, fill in only the sections that apply to the method you choose.

If you were a rural mail carrier and received an equipment maintenance allowance, see the line 1 instructions.

For more information on the standard mileage rate and actual expenses, see Itemized deductions and review the 2024 IRS Publication 463, Travel, Gift and Car Expenses.

Step 4: General information

If you used two vehicles for business during the year, use a separate column in Steps 4, 6, and 7 for each vehicle. If you used more than two vehicles, complete a second worksheet.

Line 11: Date placed in service is generally the date you first start using your vehicle. However, if you first start using your vehicle for personal use and later convert it to business use, the vehicle is treated as placed in service on the date you start using it for business.

Change from personal to business use

Line 12: If you converted your vehicle during the year from personal to business use or from business to personal use and you do not have mileage records for the time before the change to business use, enter the total number of miles driven after the change to business use.

Line 13: Do not include commuting miles on this line; commuting miles are not considered business miles. See line 15 instructions for the definition of commuting.

Line 14: If you entered on line 12 the total number of miles driven after the change to business use, multiply the percentage you calculated by the number of months you drove the vehicle for business and divide the result by 12.

Line 15: Enter your average daily round-trip commuting distance. If you went to more than one work location, calculate the average.

Commuting is generally travel between your home and a work location. However, travel that meets any of the following conditions is not commuting:

• You have at least one regular work location away from your home and the travel is to a temporary work location in the same trade or business, regardless of the distance. Generally, a temporary work location is one where your employment is expected to last one year or less. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 463, Travel, Gift and Car Expenses.
• The travel is to a temporary work location outside the metropolitan area where you live and normally work.
• Your home is your principal place of business under IRC § 280A(c)(1)(A) (for purposes of deducting expenses for business use of your home) and the travel is to another work location in the same trade or business, regardless of whether that location is regular or temporary and regardless of distance.

Line 16: If you do not know the total actual miles you used your vehicle for commuting during the year, calculate the amount to enter on line 16 by multiplying the number of days during the year that you used each vehicle for commuting by the average daily round-trip commuting distance in miles. However, if you converted your vehicle during the year from personal to business use or from business to personal use, enter your commuting miles only for the period you drove your vehicle for business.

Step 5: Standard mileage rate

Line 22: You may be able to use the standard mileage rate instead of actual expenses to calculate the deductible costs of operating a passenger vehicle, including a van, sport utility vehicle (SUV), pickup, or panel truck.

If you want to use the standard mileage rate for a vehicle you own, you must do so in the first year you place your vehicle in service. In later years, you can deduct actual expenses instead, but you must use straight line depreciation.

If you lease your vehicle, you can use the standard mileage rate, but only if you use the rate for the entire lease period.

If you use more than two vehicles, complete a second Employee business expenses worksheet, Part 2, providing the information requested in lines 11 through 22. Be sure to include the amount from line 22 of both worksheets in the total on line 1.

Note: You can deduct state and local personal property taxes, if any, on Form IT-196, line 7.

If you are claiming the standard mileage rate for mileage driven in more than one business activity, you must calculate the deduction for each business on a separate worksheet. Be sure to include the amount from line 22 of both worksheets in the total on line 1.

Step 6: Actual expenses

Line 23: Enter your total annual expenses for gasoline, oil, repairs, insurance, tires, license plates, and similar items. Do not include state and local personal property taxes or interest expense you paid. (Deduct state and local personal property taxes, if any, on Form IT-196, line 7.) Employees cannot deduct car loan interest.

Line 24a: If during 2024 you rented or leased instead of using your own vehicle, enter the cost of renting. Also, include on this line any temporary rentals, such as when your car was being repaired, except for amounts included on line 3.

Line 24b: If you leased a vehicle for a term of 30 days or more, you may have to reduce your deduction for vehicle lease payments by an amount called the inclusion amount.

To determine your inclusion amount, see Itemized deductions and review the 2024 IRS Publication 463 or federal Form 2106.

Line 25: If during 2024 your employer provided a vehicle for your business use and included 100% of its annual lease value in box 1 of your federal Form W-2, enter this amount on line 25. If less than 100% of the annual lease value was included in box 1 of your federal Form W-2, skip line 25.

Line 28: If you completed Step 7, enter the amount from line 38. If you used federal Form 4562 to calculate your depreciation deduction, enter the total of the following amount from:

• depreciation allocable to your vehicles (from federal Form 4562, line 28).
• any IRC § 179 deduction allocable to your vehicles (from federal Form 4562, line 29).

Step 7: Depreciation of vehicles

Depreciation is the amount you can deduct to recover the cost or other basis of your vehicle over a certain number of years.

Generally, the federal Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) is the only depreciation method that can be used by car owners to depreciate any car placed in service after 1986. However, if you used the standard mileage rate in the year you placed the car in service and changed to the actual expense method in a later year and before the car is fully depreciated, you must use straight-line depreciation over the estimated remaining useful life of the car. There are limits on how much depreciation you can deduct (from IRS Topic No. 510, Business Use of Car).

For additional information on federal depreciation methods and limits, see Itemized deductions and review the 2024 IRS Publication 463, Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses.

Line 30: Enter the vehicle’s actual cost or other basis. Do not reduce your basis by any prior year’s depreciation. However, you must reduce your basis by the following federal items: any deductible casualty loss, deduction for clean-fuel vehicle, gas guzzler tax, alternative motor vehicle credit, or qualified plug-in electric vehicle credit you claimed.

If you traded in your vehicle, your basis is the adjusted basis of the old vehicle (reduced by depreciation calculated as if 100% of the vehicle’s use had been for business purposes) plus any additional amount you pay for the new vehicle.

If you converted the vehicle from personal use to business use, your basis for depreciation is the smaller of the vehicle’s adjusted basis or its FMV on the date of the conversion.

Line 31: Enter the amount of any IRC § 179 deduction and, if applicable, any special depreciation allowed for this tax year, using current IRC rules, methods, and limitations, visit www.irs.gov.

Line 32: To calculate the basis for depreciation, multiply line 30 by line 14. From that result, subtract the total amount of any IRC § 179 deduction and special depreciation allowance claimed this year (see line 31) or any IRC § 179 deduction and special depreciation allowance claimed in any previous year for this vehicle.

Line 33: If you used the standard mileage rate in the first year the vehicle was placed in service and now elect to use the actual expense method, you must use the federal straight-line method of depreciation for the vehicle’s estimated useful life. Otherwise, use MACRS (declining balance method). For additional information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2024 IRS Publication 946, How to Depreciate Property.

Line 36: Using the date you placed your vehicle in service, use the instructions and applicable chart (Limits for Passenger Automobiles (Except Trucks and Vans) or Limits for Trucks and Vans) in the instructions for 2024 federal Form 2106, to find the amount to enter on line 36.

Form IT-196 line instructions continued below

Line 22: Job related education expenses

Enter the amount of job-related education expenses, such as tuition, fees, and books.

You can deduct expenses you have for education, even if the education may lead to a degree, if the education meets at least one of the following two tests:

• It maintains or improves skills required in your present work.
• It is required by your employer or the law to keep your salary, status, or job, and the requirement serves a business purpose of your employer.

You cannot deduct expenses you have for education, even though one or both of the preceding tests are met, if the education is:

• needed to meet the minimum educational requirements to qualify you in your trade or business, or
• part of a program of study that will lead to qualifying you in a new trade or business.

If your education qualifies, you can deduct expenses for tuition, books, supplies, laboratory fees, similar items, and certain transportation costs.

If the education qualifies you for a new trade or business, you cannot deduct the educational expenses even if you do not intend to enter that trade or business.

Travel as education: You cannot deduct the cost of travel that in itself constitutes a form of education.

Example: A French teacher who travels to France to maintain general familiarity with the French language and culture cannot deduct the cost of the trip as an educational expense.

For additional information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 529, Miscellaneous Deductions.

Education expenses during unemployment: If you stop working for a year or less in order to get education in order to maintain or improve skills needed in your present work, and then return to the same general type of work, your absence is considered temporary. Education that you get during a temporary absence is qualifying work-related education if it maintains or improves skills needed in your present work.

Line 23: Tax preparation fees

You can usually deduct tax preparation fees on the return for the year in which you pay them. Therefore, on your 2024 return, you can deduct fees paid in 2024 for preparing your 2023 return. These fees include the cost of tax preparation software programs and tax publications. They also include any fee you paid for electronic filing of your return.

Do not include on line 23 any tax preparation expenses that you already deducted on your federal income tax return using:

• Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business,
• Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss, or
• Schedule F, Profit or Loss From Farming.

Line 24: Other expenses

To calculate this amount, first complete Section B of the Casualty and Theft Worksheet then refer to line 28 of the worksheet.

Enter the total amount you paid to produce or collect taxable income and manage or protect property held for earning income.

Do not include any personal, living, or family expenses on line 24.

Examples of expenses to include on line 24 are:

• certain legal and accounting fees
• clerical help and office rent
• custodial (for example, trust account) fees
• your share of the investment expenses of a regulated investment company
• certain losses on nonfederally insured deposits in an insolvent or bankrupt financial institution. (For additional information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 529, Miscellaneous Deductions.)
• casualty and theft losses of property used in performing services as an employee (See Casualty and theft worksheet, page 4.)
• deduction for repayment of amounts under a claim of right if $3,000 or less
• convenience fee charged by the card processor for paying your income tax (including estimated tax payments) by credit or debit card (The deduction is claimed for the year in which the fee was charged to your card.)

You must keep a list of the type and amount of each expense claimed on line 24 for your tax records.

Line 26

Form IT-203 filers: Enter the amount from Form IT-203, line 19, Federal amount column.

Other itemized deductions

The itemized deductions listed below (lines 29 through 38) are not subject to a 2% limitation.

If you enter an amount on Line 39 without entering amounts on the preceding lines 29 through 38, it may result in the amount on Line 39 being disallowed.

Line 29: Gambling losses

Enter your gambling losses.

For federal income tax purposes, the itemized deduction rules for calculating gambling losses have changed from what was allowed as a deduction for tax year 2017. Your New York itemized deduction allowed for gambling losses on line 29 is calculated using the federal rules that applied to tax year 2017.

If you filed federal Form 1040NR, U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return, you cannot claim a New York itemized deduction for gambling losses.

For purposes of calculating your New York itemized deduction you:

• cannot deduct gambling losses that are more than your winnings for the tax year,
• cannot reduce your gambling winnings by your gambling losses and report the difference, and
• must report the full amount of your winnings as income on Form IT-201 or IT-203, line 16, and claim your losses (only up to the amount of winnings) as an itemized deduction.

Diary of winnings and losses: You must keep an accurate diary or similar record of your losses and winnings. Your diary should contain at least the following information:

• the date and type of your specific wager or wagering activity
• the name and address or location of the gambling establishment
• the names of other persons present with you at the gambling establishment
• the amounts you won or lost

Proof of winnings and losses: In addition to your diary, you should also have other documentation. You can generally prove your winnings and losses through:

• • federal Form W-2G, Certain Gambling Winnings;
  • federal Form 5754, Statement by Person(s) Receiving Gambling Winnings;
  • wagering tickets;
  • canceled checks;
  • substitute checks;
  • credit records;
  • bank withdrawals; and
  • statements of actual winnings or payment slips provided to you by the gambling establishment.

For specific wagering transactions, you can use the following items to support your winnings and losses:

• Keno: Copies of the keno tickets you purchased that were validated by the gambling establishment, copies of your casino credit records, and copies of your casino check cashing records.
• Slot machines: A record of the machine number and all winnings by date and time the machine was played.
• Table games (twenty-one (blackjack), craps, poker, baccarat, roulette, wheel of fortune, and so on): The number of the table at which you were playing, or casino credit card data indicating whether the credit was issued in the pit or at the cashier’s cage.
• Bingo: A record of the number of games played, cost of tickets purchased, and amounts collected on winning tickets. Supplemental records include any receipts from the casino, parlor, and so on.
• Racing (horse, harness, dog, and so on): A record of the races, amounts of wagers, amounts collected on winning tickets, and amounts lost on losing tickets. Supplemental records include unredeemed tickets and payment records from the racetrack.
• Lotteries: A record of ticket purchases, dates, winnings, and losses. Supplemental records include unredeemed tickets, payment slips, and winnings statements.

These recordkeeping suggestions are intended as general guidelines to help you establish your winnings and losses. They are not all-inclusive. Your tax liability depends on your particular facts and circumstances.

Line 30: Casualty and theft losses of income-producing property

You must first complete Section B of the Casualty and theft worksheet. Refer to line 28 of the worksheet.

You can deduct a casualty or theft loss as a miscellaneous itemized deduction that is not subject to the 2% limit, if the damaged or stolen property was income-producing property (property held for investment, such as stocks, notes, bonds, gold, silver, vacant lots, and works of art). For more information on casualty and theft losses, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 547.

Line 31: Federal estate tax on income in respect of a decedent

You can deduct the federal estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent that you as a beneficiary include in your gross income. Income in respect of the decedent is gross income that the decedent would have received had death not occurred and that was not properly includible in the decedent’s final income tax return. For information about calculating the amount of this deduction, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 559, Survivors, Executors, and Administrators.

Line 32: Deduction for amortizable bond premiums

This deduction is for federally taxable bonds only. For more information on state and local bonds and obligations taxable to New York State, see Form IT-201-I, Instructions for Form IT-201, or Form IT-203-I, Instructions for Form IT-203, under Line 20 - Interest income on state and local bonds and obligations.

In general, if the amount you pay for a bond is greater than its stated principal amount, the excess is bond premium. You can elect to amortize the premium on taxable bonds. The amortization of the premium is generally an offset to interest income on the bond (reported on Form IT-201 or Form IT-203, line 2) rather than a separate deduction item.

• Pre-1998 election to amortize bond premium: Generally, if you first elected to amortize bond premium before 1998, the above treatment of the premium doesn’t apply to bonds you acquired before 1988.
• Bonds acquired after October 22, 1986, and before 1988: The amortization of the premium on these bonds is investment interest expense subject to the investment interest limit, unless you chose to treat it as an offset to interest income on the bond.
• Bonds acquired before October 23, 1986: The amortization of the premium on these bonds is a miscellaneous itemized deduction not subject to the 2% limit.
• Deduction for excess premium: On certain bonds (such as bonds that pay a variable rate of interest or that provide for an interest-free period), the amount of bond premium allocable to a period may exceed the amount of stated interest allocable to the period. If this occurs, treat the excess as a miscellaneous itemized deduction that is not subject to the 2% limit. However, the amount deductible is limited to the amount by which your total interest inclusions on the bond in prior periods exceed the total amount you treated as a bond premium deduction on the bond in prior periods. If any of the excess bond premium cannot be deducted because of the limit, this amount is carried forward to the next period and is treated as bond premium allocable to that period.

Pre-1998 choice to amortize bond premium: If you made the choice to amortize the premium on taxable bonds before 1998, you can deduct the bond premium amortization that is more than your interest income only for bonds acquired during 1998 and later years.

For more information on the deduction for amortizable bond premiums, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 529 and the 2017 IRS Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses.

Line 34: Deduction for repayment of amounts under a claim of right if over $3,000

If you had to repay more than $3,000 that you included in your income in an earlier year because at the time you thought you had an unrestricted right to it, you may be able to deduct the amount you repaid. For more information, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income.

Line 35: Certain unrecovered investments in a pension or annuity

A retiree who contributed to the cost of an annuity can exclude from income a part of each payment received as a tax-free return of the retiree’s investment. If the retiree dies before the entire investment is recovered tax free, any unrecovered investment can be deducted on the retiree’s final income tax return. For more information about the tax treatment of pensions and annuities, see Itemized deductions and review the 2017 IRS Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income.

Line 36: Impairment-related work expenses of a disabled person

If you have a physical or mental disability that limits you being employed, or substantially limits one or more of your major life activities, such as performing manual tasks, walking, speaking, breathing, learning, and working, you can deduct your impairment-related work expenses.

Impairment-related work expenses are ordinary and necessary business expenses for attendant care services at your place of work and other expenses in connection with your place of work that are necessary for you to be able to work.

Example: You are blind. You must use a reader to do your work. You use the reader both during your regular working hours at your place of work and outside your regular working hours away from your place of work. The reader’s services are only for your work. You can deduct your expenses for the reader as impairment-related work expenses.

Line 37: Federal disaster loss

Your New York itemized deduction for a federal qualified disaster loss is calculated using the federal rules that applied to tax year 2017 (only from Hurricane or Tropical Storm Harvey, Hurricane Irma, or Hurricane Maria).

Complete Section A of the Casualty and theft worksheet on page 4 to calculate the amount of your federal qualified disaster loss to enter on line 37, if any.

Line 38: Other itemized deductions from partnerships

If you are a partner in a partnership and you received other itemized deductions from the partnership, but the partnership did not specify the type of itemized deduction, enter the total amount of these deductions.

The only deductions you may enter on line 38 are those deduction items that would otherwise be included on lines 29 through 37, except that the partnership in which you are a partner did not specifically identify the itemized deduction type. Do not include on line 38 any amounts already included in lines 29 through 37 (or elsewhere on this form).

Total itemized deductions

Line 40

Complete the Line 40, Total itemized deductions worksheet below to calculate the amount to enter on line 40 if the amount on Form IT-201, line 19 or IT-203, line 19 (Federal amount column), is over:

• $396,250 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse;
• $363,250 if head of household;
• $330,200 if single; or
• $198,100 if married filing separately.

Line 40, Total itemized deductions worksheet

(Keep for your records)

Adjustments

Note: For the purposes of this section (instructions for lines 41 through 49), any reference to the IRC means the IRC as it existed before the 2018 federal law changes (Public Law 115-97, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act).

The differences between the IRC and New York State Tax Law require certain adjustments to Total itemized deductions (line 40) when calculating the New York itemized deduction amount allowed (line 49).

The subtraction adjustments on line 41 reflect the fact that New York does not allow certain itemized deductions, such as the deduction for state and local income taxes (or general sales tax, if applicable). Because of limits on specific itemized deductions, and the overall limit on total itemized deductions (based on income), you may need to complete one or more worksheets to determine the amount of the New York subtraction adjustment.

The addition adjustments on line 44 reflect the fact that New York allows certain deductions that are not allowed under the IRC, such as expenses related to income that is exempt from federal income tax but subject to New York income tax.

If you are subject to the New York itemized deduction adjustment for higher income taxpayers (line 46), or if you elect to claim the New York itemized deduction for college tuition expenses (line 43 or line 48), further adjustments may be required.

Line 41

To calculate your New York itemized deduction, you must subtract certain amounts that were allowed as a deduction under the IRC but not under New York State Tax Law. Follow these steps:

Add the amounts of the adjustments described in items A through F below that you included in lines 1 through 40. If this total includes any of the adjustments described in items B through F, you must also list them on a separate piece of paper marked Itemized deduction schedule: subtraction adjustments. Identify the amount of each adjustment by letter (B through F) and submit that paper with your Form IT-196.

1. State and local, income taxes (or general sales tax, if applicable) from Form IT-196, line 5 and any foreign income taxes included on line 8.
2. Ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred in connection with income, or property held for the production of income, which is exempt from New York income tax but only to the extent included on Form IT-196, lines 1 through 40.
3. Amortization of bond premium attributable to 2024 on any bond whose interest income is exempt from New York income tax, but only to the extent included in Form IT-196, lines 1 through 40.
4. Interest expense on money borrowed to purchase or carry bonds or securities whose interest is exempt from New York income tax, but only to the extent included in Form IT-196, lines 1 through 40.
5. If you are a shareholder of a federal S corporation that could elect but did not elect to be a New York S corporation, any S corporation deductions included in Form IT-196, lines 1 through 40. If an S corporation short year is involved, you must allocate those deductions.
6. Premiums paid for long-term care insurance to the extent deducted in determining federal taxable income (from line 5 of Worksheet 1 below).

Worksheet 1

Partners: Include on line 41 the subtractions described above that apply to your share of partnership deduction items. Obtain your share of partnership items from your Form IT-204-IP, New York Partner’s Schedule K-1, lines 26a through 26f.

S corporation shareholders: If you are a shareholder of a federal S corporation that is a New York S corporation, or if you were not eligible to make the election to treat your corporation as a New York S corporation because the corporation is not subject to Article 9-A, general business corporation franchise tax, include on line 41 subtractions B, C, D, and F, described above, that apply to your pro rata share of S corporation items of income, loss or deduction.

If the election to be a New York S corporation terminated during the tax year, you must allocate those items. Obtain your share of S corporation items from the S corporation.

If you are a shareholder of a federal S corporation that could, but did not, elect to be a New York S corporation, include subtraction E only.

• If the amount on Form IT-201, line 19 or IT-203, line 19 (Federal amount column) is equal to or less than the applicable amount in Table 1 below based on your filing status, enter the total of your subtraction adjustments on line 41.
• If the amount on Form IT-201, line 19 or IT-203, line 19 (Federal amount column) is more than the applicable amount in Table 1 below based on your filing status, you must complete Worksheet 2 below.

Worksheet 2

Line 42

Subtract line 41 from line 40 and enter the result. If you made no entry on line 41, enter the amount from line 40 on line 42.

Line 43

Form IT-203 filers: Enter the amount from Form IT-203-B, Nonresident and Part-Year Resident Income Allocation and College Tuition Itemized Deduction Worksheet, Schedule C, line 2. You must first complete all of Schedule C in order to compute the college tuition itemized deduction. If you fail to complete all of Schedule C, your college tuition itemized deduction could be disallowed. See the instructions for Schedule C.

Form IT-201 filers: Leave this line blank and skip to line 44.

Line 44: Addition adjustments H, I, J, and K

To calculate your New York itemized deduction, you must add certain amounts that were not allowed under the IRC but are allowed under New York State Tax Law.

List any of the addition adjustments below that apply to you on a separate piece of paper marked Itemized deduction schedule-addition adjustments with your name and Social Security number and, if applicable, your spouse’s. Identify the amount of each adjustment that applies to you by letter (H, I, J, and K). Add all of your addition adjustments and enter the total on line 44. Submit the separate piece of paper with your Form IT-196.

8. Interest expense on money borrowed to purchase or carry bonds or securities whose interest is subject to New York income tax, but exempt from federal income tax, if this interest expense was not deducted on your federal return or shown as a New York subtraction.
9. Ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during 2024 in connection with income, or property held for the production of income, which is subject to New York income tax but exempt from federal income tax, if these expenses were not deducted on your federal return or shown as a New York subtraction.
10. Amortization of bond premium attributable to 2024 on any bond whose interest income is subject to New York income tax, but exempt from federal income tax, if this amortization was not deducted on your federal return or shown as a New York subtraction.
11. Amount of disallowed union dues included on the Unreimbursed employee business expenses worksheet, line 4, that were subject to the 2% miscellaneous itemized deduction floor.

If you did not deduct any union dues as a miscellaneous itemized deduction on your New York State tax return due to the application of the 2% floor, the amount of the modification is the full amount of union dues paid during the tax year.

If you deducted a portion of union dues as a miscellaneous itemized deduction on line 21, the amount of the modification is a percentage of the union dues disallowed due to the 2% floor, calculated as follows: