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Completing the grievance form

Properties outside New York City and Nassau County

Use Form RP-524, Complaint on Real Property Assessment to grieve your assessment. The form can be completed by yourself or your representative or attorney. File the grievance form with the assessor or the board of assessment review (BAR) in your city or town.

New York City and Nassau County properties

For forms, deadlines and instructions, contact the New York City Tax Commission and Nassau County Assessment Review Commission respectively:

The following type of properties are eligible to file a grievance:

  • One, two, or three family residential parcels
  • Residential condominiums
  • Mixed use parcels (i.e., used in part for residential purposes and in part for non-residential purposes), if the primary use is residential
  • Mobile homes and trailers, only if they are owner-occupied and separately assessed
  • All vacant land parcels, not exceeding ten acres, which are located in an assessing unit which has a zoning law or ordinance in effect, provided that such parcels are located in a zone that does not allow a residential use other than for one, two or three family dwelling residential real property
  • Farm dwellings
  • All land used in agricultural production that is eligible for an agricultural assessment and the owner has filed an annual application for an agricultural assessment (Section 305 or 306 of the Agriculture and Market Law)
  • All farm buildings and structures as defined in Section 483(3) of the Real Property Tax Law

Part one: general information

Lines 1 and 2: Provide owner(s)' name, telephone number(s), mailing address and email (optional).

Line 3: If a representative is filing the application, provide their name, address and telephone number.

Line 4: Provide the property's location.

Line 5: You can find your property identification information on your property tax bill or on the assessment roll. See Check your assessment.

Line 6: You will find your land assessment and total assessment on the assessment roll. Note that you cannot base your grievance only on the assessed value of the land. Your grievance must be for the total assessed value of the whole parcel which includes the assessed value of the land.

Line 7: Determine the market value of your property based on sources of information suggested on RP-524, Part II. Remember that your estimate of the market value of your property should be based on your property's value as of Valuation date, which is July 1 of the prior year in most municipalities, but you should contact your local assessor to verify when it's valuation date in your locality.

You should be careful when determining how much of an assessment reduction to request because you may be precluded from obtaining a greater reduction than the amount you request, even if circumstances should show that a larger reduction is warranted.

Part two: value of property

In order to qualify for a reduced assessment, you will need to prove to the satisfaction of the BAR that your property is currently over-assessed. This section gives you the opportunity to provide information that supports a lower assessment.

For homeowners and owners of most residential properties, the best way to support your case is by providing sales of comparable properties where the sales prices are lower than the assessor's estimated market value of your property. See How to estimate the market value of your home.

Part three: grounds for complaint

In this section, you will make your case for reduced assessment by demonstrating that your property is assessed either:

  • at a higher level of assessment than the rest of the community (Unequal - Option A)
  • higher than the actual market value of your property (Excessive - Option B1)
  • too high because an exemption has been improperly denied (Excessive - Option B2)
  • too high because a transition assessment was inaccurately calculated (Excessive - Option B3)
  • in a way that is contrary to the law (Unlawful - Option C)
  • in the wrong class in a community that uses homestead and non-homestead tax rates (Misclassification - Option D)

Details of each option are explained below:

Unequal assessment

You can claim unequal assessment if assessments in your city, town or village are not at 100% of market value and your property is assessed at a higher percentage of value than the average of all other properties or all other residential properties on the same assessment roll.

To demonstrate that your property is unequally assessed, first determine an estimate of the market value of your property as described above. Then determine the average level of assessment (also known as the uniform percentage of value) at which all other properties are assessed on the same assessment roll. To establish the level of assessment of your municipality, the following figures will be helpful:

Of those three options, the one that is the lowest will generally be of the greatest value in determining the over-assessment of your property

In addition or alternatively, you may wish to generate your own estimate of your community's level of assessment for either all property or just residential property using either

  • Market values and assessments of a sample of other properties on the same assessment roll
  • Purchase price and assessment of other properties that have recently sold

Unequal assessment based on the equalization rate

Once you establish the value of your property and the level of assessment at which other properties are assessed, you can apply the level of assessment to your property and compare the result to your assessment. If the result is lower than your assessment, you can request that your assessment be reduced to that lower amount. For example:

  • If you prove the market value of your property is $200,000, an assessment of $150,000 would show that your property is assessed at 75% of market value. If you prove that all other property on average is assessed at 50%, you could claim a reduction of your assessment to $100,000.

Unequal assessment based on the residential assessment ratio

If you own a one, two or three family residential real property, you also have the option of proving that the your property is assessed at higher level of assessment than the level of assessment applied to other residential properties on the same assessment roll.

Once you determine the level of assessment of other residential properties you can apply this level to the value of your property. If the result is lower than your assessment, you can request that your assessment be reduced to that lower amount. For example:

  • If you prove the value of your property is $200,000, an assessment of $100,000 would show that your property is assessed at 50% of market value. If you prove that all other residential property is assessed on the average at 25%, you may claim a reduction of your assessment to $50,000.

Excessive assessment

  • If your municipality is assessing at 100% of market value and you believe your assessed value is greater than the full market value of the property
  • If you were denied a property tax exemption, or if you believe the exemption was calculated incorrectly. If you filed an exemption application with the assessor, include a copy of the application with your complaint. If you do not have a copy, you should request that the assessor submit it to the BAR.
  • Cities, towns and villages that use homestead/non-homestead tax rates can adopt a system of transition assessments. The transition assessments phase in over five years all increases and decreases in assessed valuations resulting from a revaluation. If your city, town or village has adopted transition assessments and you believe that the transition assessment for your property has been improperly calculated, you can claim an excessive assessment.
  • should be wholly exempt from property taxes because of its status as a certain type of organization or agency (e.g., churches, colleges, etc.) and you submitted an application for such an exemption
  • is located totally outside the boundaries of the city, town, village, school district or special district indicated on the assessment roll
  • was assessed by someone other than the assessor or your assessment was entered or changed after the tentative assessment roll was filed
  • cannot be located from the description on the assessment roll
  • is special franchise property (utility property in the public right-of-way) and the assessment exceeds the final assessment as determined by the Department of Taxation and Finance

There are three cases where excessive assessment is the correct option to use:

  1. Overvaluation. If you believe the assessed valuation of your property is greater than the full market value of the property, you may claim an excessive assessment. To establish the full market value of your property, you should supply the kind of information set forth above.
  2. Incorrect Partial Exemption. If your property was denied all or a portion of a partial exemption (e.g., senior citizens, veterans, STAR), you may also claim an excessive assessment. If you filed an application for the partial exemption with the Assessor, submit a copy of the application with your complaint. If you do not have a copy, you should request the Assessor to submit it to the Board of Assessment Review.
  3. Excessive Transition Assessment. Cities, towns and villages certified by the Office of Real Property Tax Services as approved assessing units may adopt a system of transition assessments to phase in over five years all increases and decreases in assessed valuations resulting from a revaluation. If your city, town or village has adopted transition assessments and you believe that the transition assessment for your property has been improperly calculated, you may claim an excessive assessment.

Unlawful assessment

Unlawful Assessment is the option to choose if you believe your property is assessed in a way contrary to the law such that your property:

Misclassification

If your municipality uses Homestead and non-homestead tax rates, and you believe your property is assessed in the wrong class (either entirely or partially), misclassification is the option to use.

The homestead class includes:

The non-homestead class includes all other real property (e.g., commercial, industrial, special franchise and utility property, and some vacant land.)

There are cases where part of a property can be classified homestead and part classified non-homestead. For example, in the case of a 100 acre parcel, an assessor may classify the residence and surrounding 10 acres as residential while the rest is classified as non-homestead.

Part four: designation of representative

If you designated someone to represent you before the BAR, then list your name, your representative's name, sign and date.

Part five: certification

You or your representative must sign and date this section.

Part six: stipulation

Only complete this section if you and the assessor agreed to a reduced assessment. In these cases, the BAR is expected to ratify the stipulation. If you agree to a stipulation and it is approved by the BAR, you will no longer have the right to judicial review.

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